Research on fossil flora is an attitude to learn about former vegetation and through it climate change. Plant residues occur in the form of pollen and macro-strata or organ genic sediments. Plant pollen is characterized by very high resistance to destruction and can survive even hundreds of thousands of years. They are usually accompanied by macrofossils of roots, branches and tree trunks, and sometimes seeds and leaf imprints, which are very helpful in the more precise determination occurring in a given period and place of plant species.
In the periods between glaciations, the climate was milder, but also subjected to considerable fluctuations, from completely cold to even warmer than now passing several stages of vegetation development, from cold-natured herbaceous tundra or steppe nature through well-cooling cold coniferous forests to thermophilic deciduous forests.
Decaying plant remains caused the formation of soils. Sometimes they were then covered by later forming settlements and survived to our times as so-called fossil soils, which are an important indicator of climate change. Fossil soils were also formed during warmer fluctuations in glacial periods.
Ash (Fraxinus Excelsior)
Poplar (Poplus sp.)
Elm (Ulmus sp.)
